一.被動(dòng)語態(tài)的翻譯漢語和英語在語態(tài)使用上有較大的差異:英語中被動(dòng)語態(tài)用的較多,在沒有必要或不愿意說出或者時(shí)沒辦法說出動(dòng)作發(fā)出者時(shí),英語就用被動(dòng)語態(tài)來表示.漢語雖然也有被動(dòng)語態(tài),但是還是比較傾向于使用主動(dòng)語態(tài),因此我們?cè)谶M(jìn)行翻譯之時(shí),在大多數(shù)情況下要根據(jù)漢語和英語的各自使用習(xí)慣來翻譯.接下來,杭州翻譯公司將以有關(guān)于被動(dòng)語態(tài)翻譯技巧的講述之下,來讓大家體會(huì)中英語之間的這種差異eg: Nowadays ,her songs are so popular among the young people that they are played on the radio every Sunday .現(xiàn)在,她的歌曲在年輕人中十分走紅,每星期天都在電臺(tái)播放就這句話而言,大家可以注意到的就是,英語使用的是被動(dòng)語態(tài),而中文使用的是主動(dòng)語態(tài),因?yàn)楹苊黠@,在英語中沒有必要說出"播放"這個(gè)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者,而在中文之中,把播放譯成"被播放"就顯得十分的別扭好,現(xiàn)在杭州翻譯公司將為大家講解剛才一些句子的被動(dòng)翻譯技巧1)使用加詞法使翻譯在漢語中含有被動(dòng)含義當(dāng)使用英譯中之時(shí),我們可以使用一些漢語中表示被動(dòng)的詞,而不是簡單的就只是用"被"這一個(gè)詞,這樣我們的譯文就會(huì)變得生動(dòng)很多如:由,給,受,把,使.得到,是….的,為….所請(qǐng)看以下幾句句子:eg: Heads of federal departments are named by the President , and judges are either elected directly by the people or are appointed by elected officials .聯(lián)邦政府各部部長由總統(tǒng)任命,法官由人民直接選舉,或者由選舉出來的官員任命Though some people have been laid off because of automation , most have been absorbed by new industries and by the growth of service and leisure industries.有些人由于自動(dòng)化而失了業(yè),但是多數(shù)人為新興產(chǎn)業(yè)及服務(wù)休閑業(yè)的擴(kuò)大而吸收If a computer can be made complex enough , it can be as creative as we.如果能把電腦造的足夠復(fù)雜的話,那么電腦就能像人一樣富于創(chuàng)造力It is frequently said that computers solve problems only because they are "programmed" to do so .人們常說,電腦之所以能解決問題,只是因?yàn)樗鼈兘o輸入了解決問題的"程序"The quality of the product was limited by the cost.產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量受到了成本的限制The effort of the government was recognized by the public.政府的努力得到了公眾的承認(rèn) 2)直接譯成主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)*有些句子在漢語中,使用主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)更為合適We both believe that through vigilance and strength , in your words , a war can be postponed , and in our words , war can be avoided.我們都認(rèn)為, 有了警惕和實(shí)力,用你們的話說, 就可以推遲戰(zhàn)爭;用我們的話說,就可以避免戰(zhàn)爭.When the Constitution was written in 1787, there were only 13 states.1787年草擬憲法時(shí),美國只有13個(gè)州What we say here will not be long remembered.我們這里所講的話, 人們不會(huì)長久地記住 **常用結(jié)構(gòu)的翻譯It is said/reported/mentioned/pointed out that , 結(jié)構(gòu)常譯成主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)It is said that the man was murdered by the black man.據(jù)說是那個(gè)黑人謀殺了那個(gè)人.It is reported that the new president is going to pay an official visit to Russia.據(jù)報(bào)道,新任總統(tǒng)將對(duì)俄羅斯進(jìn)行一次正式訪問It is know to all that China's opening to the outside world will have a positive influence on its economic development .大家都知道,中國對(duì)外開放將對(duì)其經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展起積極的作用 <補(bǔ)充練習(xí)>Commercial cargoes are transported by highway, water and rail . One recent innovation is "containerized" cargo. At the factory, crates of goods are placed in large metal containers on wheels , and the containers are sealed and hitched to trucks to be taken to railroad centers or ports , where large cranes lift them on to freight cars, barges or ships.商業(yè)貨物由公路,水路與鐵路來運(yùn)輸,近來發(fā)明了"集裝箱"貨運(yùn). 在廠家就把貨物裝入帶輪子的大型金屬集裝箱內(nèi),裝箱密封后,掛在卡車后拉到鐵路編組站或港口,用大吊車裝上貨物車廂,駁船或輪船. Crime is partly a result of bad material conditions : certainly it is most prevalent among people whose lives are not satisfactory in obvious ways---people without a settled home , with parents separated or divorced , victims of various kinds of misfortune , including poverty and lack of education . But bad social conditions , in the obvious material sense , can hardly be accepted as the main explanation for a rapid increase of crime in the 1960s and 1970s . There are after all fewer people suffering from the bad conditions than before , and it is much easier to make a very satisfactory living by honest work now than it was forty years ago , on indeed at any previous time .The problem is shared with the rest of western civilization , and beyond it .犯罪的部分原因是物質(zhì)條件差;犯罪當(dāng)然在生活明顯不滿意的人中最普遍,沒有固定住處者, 父母分居或離婚者,各種災(zāi)禍的受害者,其中,包括貧困和缺乏教育者.可是社會(huì)物質(zhì)條件差, 不能認(rèn)為是六,七十年代犯罪劇增的主要原因.畢竟受窮者比以前少了,現(xiàn)在通過正當(dāng)職業(yè)謀得相當(dāng)滿意的生計(jì),比40年前,以至以往任何時(shí)候都容易多了. 這個(gè)問題在整個(gè)西方,以及其他地區(qū)都存在. 二.杭州翻譯公司人名,地名的英譯英語人名,地名,可以查找工具書,比如英漢辭典等等中級(jí)口譯的人名地名的翻譯相對(duì)來說是比較簡單的,我們翻譯人名,地名必須遵循"音譯"的原則.必須注意的是:1) 用音譯,慎用意譯如:人名Wall, Sleep,譯成:"沃爾"與"斯利普",不可譯成"墻"與"睡".地名China同樣不可譯成"陶瓷",這也是眾所周知的事了2) 人名中姓和名之間,用圓點(diǎn)間隔,如John Thomas Smith "約翰.托馬斯.史密斯".3) 要熟記一些常用的譯名比如:Franklin Roosevelt
羅斯福
Winston Churchill
邱吉爾Napoleon
拿破侖
Aristotle
亞里士多德Socrates
蘇格拉底
New York
紐約New Orleans
新奧爾良
Los Angeles
洛杉磯Detroit
底特律
Chicago
芝加哥平時(shí)就多看看有關(guān)資料,也不一定要全背出,只是心里要留個(gè)底兒,這樣就不會(huì)鬧笑話了詞在不同語境的翻譯技巧在我們的翻譯教程之中第12頁,就有關(guān)于see在不同語境情況之下的不同翻譯,這說明要準(zhǔn)確的譯出文章中關(guān)鍵詞的意思,首先要注意語境的把握和上下文的搭配關(guān)系1) company的翻譯He is fond of company.他愛交朋友Two is company, but three is none.兩人成伴,三人不歡Among the company was an old man.這群人中有位老人Who keeps company with the wolf , will learn to howl.跟狼在一起,就會(huì)學(xué)會(huì)狼叫("近墨者黑".)I fell into company with him .我偶然與他相識(shí)Misery loves company.同病相憐The host amused the company with singing .主人用歌唱來招待賓客He is employed in an electronic company.他在一家電器公司工作2) 紅與red的譯法英語中有redShe was dressed in red.她身穿紅衣When he started criticizing my work , I really saw red.他竟批評(píng)起我的工作來了,我立即火冒三丈漢語中有"紅"There has never been a cross word between the two of them,他倆從未紅過臉He won a prize because his lucky star shone bright.他鴻(紅)運(yùn)當(dāng)頭因而中獎(jiǎng)3) good的譯法His mother was a good Christian.他母親是個(gè)虔誠的基督教徒Franklin was renowned for his good deeds富蘭克林以他的德行而名揚(yáng)四海Helen is as good as gold----most of the time.海倫很乖----大部分時(shí)間如此Mike is getting on in years , but both his hearing and eyesight are good.邁克已上了年紀(jì),但他仍然耳聰目明The boss needs another good typist.老板還需要另外一名技術(shù)熟練的打字員His son had a good beating他兒子被狠狠地揍了一頓She has good looks她長得漂亮 <補(bǔ)充練習(xí)>THE HUMMING-BIRDOf all animated being this is the most elegant in form and the most brilliant in colors. The stones and metals polished by our arts are not comparable to this jewel of Nature. Her masterpiece is this little humming-bird , and upon it she has heaped all the gifts which the other birds may only share. Lightness, rapidity , nimbleness , grace and rich apparel all belong to this little favorite, The emerald , the ruby , and the topaz gleam upon it dress. It never soils them with the dust of earth , and in its aerial life scarcely touches the turf an instant . Always in the air , flying from flower to flower, it has their freshness as well as their brightness. It lives upon their nectar , and dwells only in the climates where they perennially bloom.在一切生物中,要算蜂鳥體型最優(yōu)美,顏色最鮮艷.經(jīng)過工藝加工得各種寶石和金屬是無法跟這個(gè)大自然的珍寶媲美的.這種小蜂鳥是大自然的杰作,大自然把其他鳥類只能分享的種種天賦全部慷慨地給了它.這個(gè)小寵兒具有輕盈,敏捷,靈活,優(yōu)雅以及羽毛絢麗等一切妙處.那翠綠的,艷紅的,嫩黃色的羽毛閃閃發(fā)光.蜂鳥從不讓它的羽毛沾染塵土,它生活在天空中,一刻也不碰到草皮.它總是在空中飛翔,從花叢飛向花叢;它像花一樣新鮮,又像花一樣艷麗.蜂鳥靠花蜜為生,它只生活在鮮花盛開的地帶. 三.杭州翻譯公司代詞的翻譯1)人稱代詞的翻譯漢語之中人稱代詞用得比較少.在英語里,凡是能用人稱代詞取代名詞的地方,都須用代詞,而不重復(fù)名次.因此,人稱代詞在英語文章中隨處可見,翻譯要服從漢語習(xí)慣,不能簡單的用詞對(duì)詞的方法處理比如下面的例子中將所有的"they"都譯成他們,就會(huì)顯得不那么自然2)物主代詞的翻譯除了人稱代詞含義是采取還原其所代替的名詞之外,英語里的物主代詞代替句中做主語的名次是,我們也要重復(fù)其做主語的名詞,是譯文更具體,更明確如下面的例子中將所有的their都譯成他們的就會(huì)顯得不自然  杭州翻譯公司